{"id":620,"date":"2025-12-20T02:11:14","date_gmt":"2025-12-20T02:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tipyan.org\/?page_id=620"},"modified":"2025-12-23T07:00:06","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T07:00:06","slug":"publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tipyan.org\/ar\/publications\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"l-section wpb_row us_custom_c70c97eb height_auto width_full with_shape\"><div class=\"l-section-shape type_triangle-2 pos_bottom on_front\" style=\"height:10vmin;\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 64 8\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\">\r\n\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M64 8 L0 8 L0 0 L48 7.9 L64 0 Z\"\/>\r\n<\/svg><\/div><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_3-2 laptops-cols_2 tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_middle type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container us_custom_ba25636d\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><h2 class=\"w-text us_custom_d45497e7\"><span class=\"w-text-h\"><span class=\"w-text-value\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/h2><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_4eeb14db has_text_color\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"layout-element layout-element--layout layout-element transition transition--slide\" data-v-4edbe80f=\"\" data-qa=\"layout-element-wrapper:zarwfg\" data-animation-state=\"active\">\n<div id=\"zARWFG\" class=\"text-box layout-element__component layout-element__component--GridTextBox\" data-v-4edbe80f=\"\" data-qa=\"gridtextbox:zarwfg\">\n<div class=\"layout-element layout-element--layout layout-element transition transition--slide\" data-v-4edbe80f=\"\" data-qa=\"layout-element-wrapper:z_6r5m\" data-animation-state=\"active\">\n<div id=\"z_6r5m\" class=\"text-box layout-element__component layout-element__component--GridTextBox\" data-v-4edbe80f=\"\" data-qa=\"gridtextbox:z_6r5m\">\n<div class=\"layout-element layout-element--layout layout-element transition transition--slide\" data-v-4edbe80f=\"\" data-qa=\"layout-element-wrapper:zmviam\" data-animation-state=\"active\">\n<div id=\"zMViAm\" class=\"text-box layout-element__component layout-element__component--GridTextBox\" data-v-4edbe80f=\"\" data-qa=\"gridtextbox:zmviam\">\n<p class=\"body-large\" dir=\"auto\">\u0641\u064a<span>\u00a0<\/span><span>\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/span>\u0646\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a  \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"layout-element layout-element--layout layout-element transition transition--slide\" data-v-4edbe80f=\"\" data-qa=\"layout-element-wrapper:zh5ba4\" data-animation-state=\"active\">\n<div id=\"zh5Ba4\" class=\"text-box layout-element__component layout-element__component--GridTextBox\" data-v-4edbe80f=\"\" data-qa=\"gridtextbox:zh5ba4\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"w-image align_none\"><div class=\"w-image-h\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"626\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/tipyan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/red-string-network-with-push-pins-black-background_1007521-58683.avif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tipyan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/red-string-network-with-push-pins-black-background_1007521-58683.avif 626w, https:\/\/tipyan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/red-string-network-with-push-pins-black-background_1007521-58683-300x168.avif 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row hide_if_inner_list_is_empty height_medium\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><h3 class=\"w-text\"><span class=\"w-text-h\"><span class=\"w-text-value\">\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"w-grid us_post_list type_masonry layout_318 hidden cols_2 pagination_load_on_btn preload_style_spinner with_isotope with_css_animation\" id=\"us_post_list_hfc2\" style=\"--columns:2;--gap:1rem;\" data-filterable=\"true\"><style>@media (max-width:600px){#us_post_list_hfc2{--columns:1!important}}.layout_318 .w-grid-item-h{}.layout_318 .usg_hwrapper_1{transition-duration:0.3s;transform-origin:50% 50%;transform:scale(1) translate(0%,0%)}.layout_318 .w-grid-item-h:focus-within .usg_hwrapper_1,.layout_318 .w-grid-item-h:hover .usg_hwrapper_1{transform:scale(1.05) translate(0%,0%);opacity:1;background:var(--color-header-middle-text)!important}.layout_318 .usg_hwrapper_1{padding:10px!important;background:var(--color-header-middle-text-hover)!important}.layout_318 .usg_post_title_1{color:var(--color-header-transparent-text)!important}.layout_318 .usg_post_date_1{color:var(--color-header-transparent-text)!important}.layout_318 .usg_post_content_1{color:var(--color-header-transparent-text)!important}.layout_318 .usg_vwrapper_2{width:30%!important;height:100%!important;max-width:30%!important;max-height:100%!important;min-width:30%!important;min-height:100%!important;padding:0px!important}<\/style><div class=\"w-grid-list\"><\/div><div class=\"g-loadmore hidden\"><div class=\"g-preloader type_1\"><div><\/div><\/div><button class=\"w-btn us-btn-style_1\"><span class=\"w-btn-label\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"w-grid-list-json hidden\" onclick='return {&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:0,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;load_on_btn&quot;,&quot;paged&quot;:1,&quot;ajaxData&quot;:{&quot;_nonce&quot;:&quot;2a792bdb36&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;us_ajax_post_list&quot;,&quot;meta_type&quot;:&quot;post&quot;,&quot;object_id&quot;:0,&quot;template_vars&quot;:{&quot;paged&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:0,&quot;no_results&quot;:true,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;all&quot;,&quot;custom_field_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;ids&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;post_type&quot;:&quot;policy_briefs&quot;,&quot;attachment_ids&quot;:null,&quot;include_post_thumbnail&quot;:0,&quot;post_author&quot;:&quot;any&quot;,&quot;post_author_ids&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;apply_url_params&quot;:0,&quot;exclude_children&quot;:0,&quot;exclude_current_post&quot;:1,&quot;exclude_prev_posts&quot;:0,&quot;enable_items_offset&quot;:0,&quot;items_offset&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;tax_query_relation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tax_query&quot;:[{&quot;operator&quot;:&quot;IN&quot;,&quot;taxonomy&quot;:&quot;category&quot;,&quot;terms&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;include_children&quot;:0}],&quot;meta_query_relation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;meta_query&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;custom_field_name&quot;,&quot;compare&quot;:&quot;=&quot;,&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&quot;}],&quot;orderby&quot;:&quot;date&quot;,&quot;orderby_custom_field&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orderby_custom_type&quot;:0,&quot;order_invert&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;show_all&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;quantity&quot;:&quot;12&quot;,&quot;no_items_action&quot;:&quot;message&quot;,&quot;no_items_message&quot;:&quot;\\u0644\\u0627 \\u062a\\u0648\\u062c\\u062f \\u0646\\u062a\\u0627\\u0626\\u062c.&quot;,&quot;no_items_page_block&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;load_on_btn&quot;,&quot;pagination_style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pagination_btn_text&quot;:&quot;Load More&quot;,&quot;pagination_btn_size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pagination_btn_style&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;pagination_btn_fullwidth&quot;:0,&quot;items_layout&quot;:&quot;318&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;masonry&quot;,&quot;items_valign&quot;:0,&quot;ignore_items_size&quot;:0,&quot;columns&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;items_gap&quot;:&quot;1rem&quot;,&quot;load_animation&quot;:&quot;afb&quot;,&quot;items_preload_style&quot;:&quot;spinner&quot;,&quot;img_size&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title_size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;items_ratio&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;items_ratio_width&quot;:&quot;21&quot;,&quot;items_ratio_height&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;overriding_link&quot;:&quot;{\\&quot;url\\&quot;:\\&quot;\\&quot;}&quot;,&quot;popup_width&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;popup_arrows&quot;:1,&quot;breakpoint_1_width&quot;:&quot;1381px&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_1_cols&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_1_quantity&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_1_gap&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_2_width&quot;:&quot;1025px&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_2_cols&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_2_quantity&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_2_gap&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_3_width&quot;:&quot;601px&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_3_cols&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_3_quantity&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_3_gap&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;conditions_operator&quot;:&quot;always&quot;,&quot;conditions&quot;:[],&quot;css&quot;:null,&quot;el_class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;el_id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;enable_custom_html_atts&quot;:0,&quot;custom_html_atts&quot;:null,&quot;hide_on_states&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hide_for_sticky&quot;:0,&quot;hide_for_not_sticky&quot;:0,&quot;hide_below&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;hide_above&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;classes&quot;:&quot;&quot;}},&quot;facetedFilter&quot;:[]}'><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-grid-none type_message\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row hide_if_inner_list_is_empty us_custom_eac59c77 height_medium\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><h3 class=\"w-text\"><span class=\"w-text-h\"><span class=\"w-text-value\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"w-grid us_post_list type_masonry layout_318 hidden cols_2 pagination_load_on_btn preload_style_spinner with_isotope with_css_animation\" id=\"us_post_list_ua8e\" style=\"--columns:2;--gap:1rem;\" data-filterable=\"true\"><style>@media (max-width:600px){#us_post_list_ua8e{--columns:1!important}}<\/style><div class=\"w-grid-list\"><\/div><div class=\"g-loadmore hidden\"><div class=\"g-preloader type_1\"><div><\/div><\/div><button class=\"w-btn us-btn-style_1\"><span class=\"w-btn-label\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"w-grid-list-json hidden\" onclick='return {&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:0,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;load_on_btn&quot;,&quot;paged&quot;:1,&quot;ajaxData&quot;:{&quot;_nonce&quot;:&quot;2a792bdb36&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;us_ajax_post_list&quot;,&quot;meta_type&quot;:&quot;post&quot;,&quot;object_id&quot;:0,&quot;template_vars&quot;:{&quot;paged&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:0,&quot;no_results&quot;:true,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;all&quot;,&quot;custom_field_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;ids&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;post_type&quot;:&quot;blog_posts&quot;,&quot;attachment_ids&quot;:null,&quot;include_post_thumbnail&quot;:0,&quot;post_author&quot;:&quot;any&quot;,&quot;post_author_ids&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;apply_url_params&quot;:0,&quot;exclude_children&quot;:0,&quot;exclude_current_post&quot;:1,&quot;exclude_prev_posts&quot;:0,&quot;enable_items_offset&quot;:0,&quot;items_offset&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;tax_query_relation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tax_query&quot;:[{&quot;operator&quot;:&quot;IN&quot;,&quot;taxonomy&quot;:&quot;category&quot;,&quot;terms&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;include_children&quot;:0}],&quot;meta_query_relation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;meta_query&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;custom_field_name&quot;,&quot;compare&quot;:&quot;=&quot;,&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&quot;}],&quot;orderby&quot;:&quot;date&quot;,&quot;orderby_custom_field&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orderby_custom_type&quot;:0,&quot;order_invert&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;show_all&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;quantity&quot;:&quot;12&quot;,&quot;no_items_action&quot;:&quot;message&quot;,&quot;no_items_message&quot;:&quot;\\u0644\\u0627 \\u062a\\u0648\\u062c\\u062f \\u0646\\u062a\\u0627\\u0626\\u062c.&quot;,&quot;no_items_page_block&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;load_on_btn&quot;,&quot;pagination_style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pagination_btn_text&quot;:&quot;Load More&quot;,&quot;pagination_btn_size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pagination_btn_style&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;pagination_btn_fullwidth&quot;:0,&quot;items_layout&quot;:&quot;318&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;masonry&quot;,&quot;items_valign&quot;:0,&quot;ignore_items_size&quot;:0,&quot;columns&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;items_gap&quot;:&quot;1rem&quot;,&quot;load_animation&quot;:&quot;afb&quot;,&quot;items_preload_style&quot;:&quot;spinner&quot;,&quot;img_size&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title_size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;items_ratio&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;items_ratio_width&quot;:&quot;21&quot;,&quot;items_ratio_height&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;overriding_link&quot;:&quot;{\\&quot;url\\&quot;:\\&quot;\\&quot;}&quot;,&quot;popup_width&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;popup_arrows&quot;:1,&quot;breakpoint_1_width&quot;:&quot;1381px&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_1_cols&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_1_quantity&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_1_gap&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_2_width&quot;:&quot;1025px&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_2_cols&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_2_quantity&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_2_gap&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_3_width&quot;:&quot;601px&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_3_cols&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_3_quantity&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;breakpoint_3_gap&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;conditions_operator&quot;:&quot;always&quot;,&quot;conditions&quot;:[],&quot;css&quot;:null,&quot;el_class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;el_id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;enable_custom_html_atts&quot;:0,&quot;custom_html_atts&quot;:null,&quot;hide_on_states&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hide_for_sticky&quot;:0,&quot;hide_for_not_sticky&quot;:0,&quot;hide_below&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;hide_above&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;classes&quot;:&quot;&quot;}},&quot;facetedFilter&quot;:[]}'><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-grid-none type_message\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row hide_if_inner_list_is_empty height_medium\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><h3 class=\"w-text\"><span class=\"w-text-h\"><span class=\"w-text-value\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"w-grid us_post_list type_masonry layout_318 hidden cols_2 pagination_load_on_btn preload_style_spinner with_isotope with_css_animation\" id=\"us_post_list_j1b5\" style=\"--columns:2;--gap:1rem;\" data-filterable=\"true\"><style>@media (max-width:600px){#us_post_list_j1b5{--columns:1!important}}<\/style><div class=\"w-grid-list\"><\/div><div class=\"g-loadmore hidden\"><div class=\"g-preloader type_1\"><div><\/div><\/div><button class=\"w-btn us-btn-style_1\"><span class=\"w-btn-label\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"w-grid-list-json hidden\" onclick='return {&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:0,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;load_on_btn&quot;,&quot;paged&quot;:1,&quot;ajaxData&quot;:{&quot;_nonce&quot;:&quot;2a792bdb36&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;us_ajax_post_list&quot;,&quot;meta_type&quot;:&quot;post&quot;,&quot;object_id&quot;:0,&quot;template_vars&quot;:{&quot;paged&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:0,&quot;no_results&quot;:true,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;all&quot;,&quot;custom_field_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;ids&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;post_type&quot;:&quot;journal_articles&quot;,&quot;attachment_ids&quot;:null,&quot;include_post_thumbnail&quot;:0,&quot;post_author&quot;:&quot;any&quot;,&quot;post_author_ids&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;apply_url_params&quot;:0,&quot;exclude_children&quot;:0,&quot;exclude_current_post&quot;:1,&quot;exclude_prev_posts&quot;:0,&quot;enable_items_offset&quot;:0,&quot;items_offset&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;tax_query_relation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tax_query&quot;:[{&quot;operator&quot;:&quot;IN&quot;,&quot;taxonomy&quot;:&quot;category&quot;,&quot;terms&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;include_children&quot;:0}],&quot;meta_query_relation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;meta_query&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;custom_field_name&quot;,&quot;compare&quot;:&quot;=&quot;,&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&quot;}],&quot;orderby&quot;:&quot;date&quot;,&quot;orderby_custom_field&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orderby_custom_type&quot;:0,&quot;order_invert&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;show_all&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;quantity&quot;:&quot;12&quot;,&quot;no_items_action&quot;:&quot;message&quot;,&quot;no_items_message&quot;:&quot;\\u0644\\u0627 \\u062a\\u0648\\u062c\\u062f \\u0646\\u062a\\u0627\\u0626\\u062c.&quot;,&quot;no_items_page_block&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;load_on_btn&quot;,&quot;pagination_style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pagination_btn_text&quot;:&quot;Load 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